NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization

https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/nato

Latest Update: 15 October 2025

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Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Multilateral Alliances, Including Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT), Bilateral Military Defence Treaty (BMDT), and Foreign Military Presence, which Have a Geopolitical Impact on Global Order

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances

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Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Researcher in International Relations with a Focus on Security, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

CV

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For the Differences Between Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation:

• The Difference Between Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/military

The Importance of Political, Economic, and Trade Alliances:

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). Restrictions on International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Nationalism-Mercantilism versus Trade Liberalism. Research Paper, PD9. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd9

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). The Chess Game of Forming International Trade Agreements: Shaping Global Economic and Political Power. Research Paper, PD10. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd10

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). Is the World Trade Organization (WTO) has a Future under the Mechanism of Consensus in Decision-Making?: A New Framework for Achieving Successful Rounds. Research Paper, PD11. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd11

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NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NATO is a military alliance that was established after WWII led by the USA and it includes mainly countries from Europe under the concept that the USA should protect Europe amid the traumatic past of WWII, still, NATO includes Germany, while not Russia which is considered the main enemy of NATO. NATO has an ‘Open Door Policy’ that decreases the power of NATO because, in the last two decades, too many weaker members joined NATO, while powerful ones stayed outside, so it has weakened NATO instead of empowering the alliance. Georgia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered Dialogue Partner of NATO, so they may also join NATO under the ‘Open Door Policy’. Ukraine wishes to join NATO, but Ukraine has a big obstacle to join NATO, because unlikely that all NATO countries will ratify the joining of Ukraine to NATO, still, NATO is involved indirectly in the war between Russia and Ukraine by providing military aid and military assistant, regardless of the civilian aid and civilian assistant.

• Official Website of NATO https://www.nato.int/

NATO - Membership Status, 2025 GSR

For Full Details about the Membership Status and 2025 GSR:

Section E26. NATO - Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT): North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/nato

Section E26 - List of Contents

Section E26. NATO - Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT): North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

• Section E26.1 NATO - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

• Section E26.2 NATO - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

• Section E26.3 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members

  • Section E26.3.1 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

  • Section E26.3.2 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

• Section E26.4 The Impact of the ‘Open Door Policy’ on the Military Power of NATO: Joining Waves Analysis

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From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher:

• Is NATO Forever? Trump’s Demand of 5% Defense Spending of GDP, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/04/2025/1500

• NATO in the 20th-Century Style, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/13/06/2023/1628

  A good example of NATO in the 20th-Century Style is the 12-Day War between Iran and Israel in which Iran used Drones and Missiles that succeeded in manoeuvring the Israeli air defence, which led to significant devastation in Israel, while Israel used the Israeli air force for attacking Iran, including "Toysrus Drones", yet the Iranian defence system hit several F35 advanced Fighters. This clearly indicates why Israel had the interest to end the war against Iran after 12 days compared to the other ongoing military confrontations of Israel that lasted for many years. For full details, see Section G9. 12-Day War between Iran and Israel: High Risk for Israel in Military Confrontations with Iran, in Section G. Concluding Risk Remarks and Future Perspectives, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher. See also my prediction from 25 years ago about the importance of Missiles in military capabilities: Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2000). The Impact of the Gulf War on the Israeli Threat Perception: Implications for the Israeli Security Policy. M.A. Working Paper in Hebrew, University of Haifa. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/2-a9ge.pdf

• Will Russia and China Form Counter-NATO?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 December 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/12/2022/1531

• Serbia: ‘Sitting on the Fence’ or Russia Ally in the Middle of the ‘NATO Sea’?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 September 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/22/09/2022/1017

• Finland as the North Gate of NATO in Case of War with Russia: Is Finland Safer Under NATO?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/05/05/2022/2020

• NATO Paradox - Russia Out while Germany In: Historical Perspective, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/01/05/2022/0701

• Stronger Defence of NATO?: ‘Stronger Defence Propaganda’, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/05/03/2022/0525

• Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, NATO List https://www.rozen-bakher.com/twitter-lists/nato-list

  Focusing on NATO to Identify Risks of Military Conflicts between NATO and NATO’s Rivals, as well as the Readiness of NATO for Wars.

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From Newspapers

Acknowledge: Intelligence agencies manipulated and blocked the ability of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher to bring up news in English about NATO via Google Search, so please see below the latest news on NATO via DuckDuckGo, but it is recommended to search for more recent news about NATO.

• What NATO Defense Ministers Will Discuss At The October 2025 Summit

• Nato debates how to beef up defences as Russia continues to probe

• NATO seeks more arms for Ukraine as Western support fades and allied airspace concerns mount

• Nato rewrites rules of engagement to easily shoot down intruding Russian fighter jets

• Trump threatens tariffs on Spain over refusal to boost NATO defense spending

• NATO begins a big nuclear exercise next week. Protecting the weapons is a key part of the drill

• U.S. to stay in NATO but expects 5% defense spending from allies - Rubio

• Trump NATO envoy poised to press allies on defense spending

• Europe and Canada say they'll spend more on defense, but are cool on US demands

• US keeps NATO allies in the dark on Russia relations

• Peace deal must bar Ukraine from Nato, Russian official says

• Trump aims to cut US force in Europe by 20,000, compel subsidies from allies, Italian report says

• Trump Intends To withdraw 20,000 Troops From Europe | NATO Allies In Shock

• Germany’s Scholz proposes increasing NATO presence in Greenland

• Look for message behind the threats: Rutte on Trump; Expects he'll attend NATO summit

• “It will not happen in the near future": Scholz on Ukraine's accession to NATO

• Olaf Scholz on Ukraine's NATO Membership

• Swedish Battalion Officially Integrated into NATO Command in Latvia

• Vatican warns against use of NATO-supplied weapons against Russian territory

• Vance Says Trump Would Keep US in NATO, Germany Needs to Step Up

• NATO shows no sign of letting Ukraine join soon and wants more details about its 'victory plan'

• Trudeau—Not Trump—Is the Greatest Threat to NATO | Opinion

• NATO's new chief is inheriting messy wars and a possible second Trump presidency. It's not going to be easy, security analysts say.

• NATO Launches Command Control Center in Baltic Sea

• Trump, Harris deeply divided over NATO, Ukraine

• Hungary’s Mooted NATO ‘Opt-Out’: Empty Threat or Serious Proposal?

• NATO secretary general says China is fueling war in Europe by supporting Russia

• NATO chief rules out sending troops to Ukraine

• NATO Foreign Ministers Met at the Czernin Palace to Discuss How to Contain Russian Imperialism

• NATO Secretary General in Prague: Allies must maintain support to Ukraine “for as long as necessary”

• NATO Defence Ministers agree plan to lead coordination of security assistance and training for Ukraine, address deterrence and defence

• News: NATO Allies select Mark Rutte as next Secretary General, 26-Jun.-2024

• Pentagon Officials Pressed On Georgia's Path To NATO Amid Growing Resistance To Russian Influence

• NATO troops take part in largest parachute drop since Second World War - b-roll - 17 May 2024

• Armenia participating in NATO training in Moldova

• NATO and Armenia strengthen cooperation in defense education – Public Radio of Armenia

• The Case for Ukraine's NATO Accession

• Zelenskyy again calls on NATO countries to shoot down Russian missiles flying into Ukraine

• US troop numbers in Eastern Europe could continue to grow

• NATO Should Expand to Japan, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand

• NATO Countries Struggle to Recruit Troops to Counter Russia Threat

• Canada pledges billions in new defence spending, but doesn't reach NATO's 2% commitment

• UK announces biggest military deployment to NATO exercises in decades, YAHOO!News

• UK commits 20,000 military personnel for NATO exercise in Europe, Reuters on MSN.com

• NATO to help buy 1,000 Patriot missiles to defend allies, ABC News

• Trump refuses to commit to Nato in second term at Fox News town hall, The Independent

• Ramaswamy wants the US out of NATO, Politico

• Trump: US will never help Europe under attack, NATO is dead, The Jerusalem Post Blogs

• War between NATO & Russia is imminent, according to secret German Armed Forces document — Bild

• NATO and Russia go to war in the 2025 summer - Germany's Bild

• The West needs to get real about security, POLITICO.eu

• US 'disappointed' by Hungary's Ukraine policy, urges ratification of Sweden's NATO bid, Reuters

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From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books

• Is NATO Ready for War? Monaghan, S., Jakobsen, E., Martinez, S., Droin, M., Sanders, G., Velazquez, N., ... & Sockwell, M. (2024). Is NATO Ready for War?. Center for Strategic and International Studies, June, 2024-06.

• Is There Life After NATO? Trachtenberg, M. (2024). Is There Life After NATO?. Cato Institute, Policy Analysis, (982).

• The new NATO Force Model: ready for launch? Deni, J. R. (2024). The new NATO Force Model: ready for launch?. NATO Defense College, 27.

• Military alliance and international trade: Evidence from NATO enlargement Li, B., Ge, Y., & Lin, Y. M. (2024). Military alliance and international trade: Evidence from NATO enlargement. The World Economy, 47(3), 930-956.

• Transatlantic shakedown: Presidential shaming and NATO burden sharing Becker, J., Kreps, S. E., Poast, P., & Terman, R. (2024). Transatlantic shakedown: Presidential shaming and NATO burden sharing. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 68(2-3), 195-229.

• A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels George, J., & Sandler, T. (2024). A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels. Kyklos, 77(4), 1026-1047.

• NATO in the multi-order world Flockhart, T. (2024). NATO in the multi-order world. International Affairs, 100(2), 471-489.

• Small arms procurement and corruption in small NATO countries Pernica, B., Palavenis, D., & Dvorak, J. (2024). Small arms procurement and corruption in small NATO countries. Journal of Public Procurement, 24(3), 348-370.

• An Analysis on the Image of NATO in Türkiye Cengiz, M. F., Avcı, Ö., & Örselli, E. (2024). An Analysis on the Image of NATO in Türkiye. DOI:

  https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2024.27.3.58

• NATO security burden sharing, 1991–2020 Kim, W., & Sandler, T. (2024). NATO security burden sharing, 1991–2020. Defence and Peace Economics, 35(3), 265-280.

• Bottom‐up foreign policy? Finland, NATO and public opinion Forsberg, T. (2024). Bottom‐up foreign policy? Finland, NATO and public opinion. Scandinavian Political Studies, 47(3), 283-307.

• Insufficiency of informal alignment: why did Finland choose formal NATO membership? Pesu, M., & Iso-Markku, T. (2024). Insufficiency of informal alignment: why did Finland choose formal NATO membership?. International Affairs, 100(2), 569-588.

• No-capability defence acquisition: a literature review on policy and practice of military acquisition within NATO and the EU Verlaine, A. (2023). No-capability defence acquisition: a literature review on policy and practice of military acquisition within NATO and the EU. International Journal of Procurement Management, 17(4), 443-487.

• NATO burden sharing research along three paradigms Bogers, M., Beeres, R., & Bollen, M. (2022). NATO burden sharing research along three paradigms. Defence and peace economics, 33(5), 534-547.

• Explaining states' burden-sharing behaviour within NATO Oma, I. M. (2012). Explaining states’ burden-sharing behaviour within NATO. Cooperation and conflict, 47(4), 562-573.

• NATO options and dilemmas for deterring Russia in the Baltic States Veebel, V. (2018). NATO options and dilemmas for deterring Russia in the Baltic States. Defence studies, 18(2), 229-251.

• NATO, energy security and institutional change Bocse, A. M. (2020). NATO, energy security and institutional change. European security, 29(4), 436-455.

• Understanding NATO in the 21st century: Alliance strategies, security and global governance Herd, G. P., & Kriendler, J. (Eds.). (2013). Understanding NATO in the 21st century: Alliance strategies, security and global governance. Routledge.

• Systematic review of the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan Hoencamp, R., Vermetten, E., Tan, E. C., Putter, H., Leenen, L. P., & Hamming, J. F. (2014). Systematic review of the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Injury, 45(7), 1028-1034.

• Ironclad US commitment to NATO? From NATO expansion to the Ukraine crisis Song, Y. (2024). Ironclad US commitment to NATO? From NATO expansion to the Ukraine crisis. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2282734.

• Türkiye: A drifting NATO member? Bakir, A. (2024). Türkiye: A drifting NATO member?. In China, Russia, and the USA in the Middle East (pp. 65-84). Routledge.

• Preparing for War: wargaming the NATO-Russia confrontation in the Baltics Regnier, C. (2023). Preparing for War: wargaming the NATO-Russia confrontation in the Baltics. Critical Studies on Security, 11(3), 230-243.

• NATO burden-sharing: past, present, future McGerty, F., Kunertova, D., Sargeant, M., & Webster, A. (2022). NATO burden-sharing: past, present, future. Defence studies, 22(3), 533-540.

• NATO vs. the CSTO: security threat perceptions and responses to secessionist conflicts in Eurasia Guliyev, F., & Gawrich, A. (2021). NATO vs. the CSTO: security threat perceptions and responses to secessionist conflicts in Eurasia. Post-Communist Economies, 33(2-3), 283-304.

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From Documentaries and Inside TV News

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Historical Films about NATO

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