Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/peninsula-shield-force-gcc

Latest Update: 29 October 2025

COPYRIGHT ©2023-2025 ZIVA ROZEN-BAKHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Rozen-Bakher, Z, GCC - Gulf Cooperation Council, Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/peninsula-shield-force-gcc

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Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Multilateral Alliances, Including Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT), Bilateral Military Defence Treaty (BMDT), and Foreign Military Presence, which Have a Geopolitical Impact on Global Order

Rozen-Bakher, Z. Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances

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Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

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For Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation, please see Section B2 in Section B. Introduction: Why do we need a Global Survival Rank?, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/introduction

• B2.1 Basic Key Definitions

  • B2.1.1 Multilateral Military Treaty versus Bilateral Military Treaty

  • B2.1.2 Treaty with Equal Commitment to Defend (Two-Directions) versus Treaty with Non-Equal Commitment to Defend (One-Direction)

  • B2.1.3 Active Military Treaty versus Inactive Military Treaty

• B2.2 Military Defence Treaty

• B2.3 Military Support Treaty

• B2.4 Military Cooperation

  • B2.4.1 Military Cooperation Under Multilateral Trade/Economic/Political Alliances

  • B2.4.2 Joint-Intelligence Multilateral Alliance

  • B2.4.3 Ad-hoc Military Coalition

  • B2.4.4 Presence of Military Bases in Foreign Countries

  • B2.4.5 Joint Military Drills

  • B2.4.6 Selling Weapons and Military Training

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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its Peninsula Shield Force (PSF)

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a political and economic alliance in the Gulf region that plays an important role in the Muslim-Arab Bloc. GCC has the Peninsula Shield Force (PSF), which is based on a military defence treaty with a hard definition of commitment to defend in the case of an attack. However, the members of the GCC heavily depend on foreign military presence in their territories, especially the USA army, which has numerous military bases and military installations in the countries of the GCC.

Official Website of GCC https://www.gcc-sg.org/ar-sa/Pages/default.aspx

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Membership Status, 2025 GSR

For Full Details about the Membership Status and 2025 GSR:

Section E24. GCC - Multilateral Alliance: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/gcc

Section E24 - List of Contents

Section E24. GCC - Multilateral Alliance: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

• Section E24.1 GCC - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

• Section E24.2 GCC - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

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From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

• For Foreign Military Presence in GCC Countries, please see Section E10.2 Host Country Perspective: Foreign Military Presence, Section E10. Foreign Military Presence in Host Countries, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/foreign-military-presence

• For the example of Qatar in relation to the Trade-off regarding Foreign Military Presence, please see Section C3. Foreign Military Presence in Host Countries: Trade-off between Military Benefits and Military Risks, Section C. Military Risk in Wars, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/c/military-risk

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From Newspapers

• GCC urges Iran to resolve islands dispute, calls for role in nuclear talks | Iran International

• Economy: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) thrives on the "dual engine"

• Eighth Joint Ministerial Meeting of GCC-Russia Strategic Dialogue to Be Held in Sochi

• Gulf Cooperation Council condemns Israel's West Bank annexation vote

• GCC countries’ population increases 36%

• What GCC’s activation of NATO-style joint defence pact means for regional security

• UK finance minister to join Saudi investment summit and hold Gulf trade talks

• Oman Tax Authority clarifies VAT rules for imports from UAE and GCC

• GCC and Russia: Deepening ties in a multipolar Middle East

• Analysis: Can ’Peninsula Force’ Shield Persian Gulf Arab Monarchies against Israel?

• Gulf Cooperation Council chief says partnership with US ‘strategic necessity’ to ensure security

• Gulf Cooperation Council hails Lebanon’s move on exclusive state control of weapons

• Gulf foreign ministers to hold exceptional meeting after Iran attack on US base in Qatar

• Gulf Cooperation Council Reaffirms Support for Morocco’s Sovereignty Over Western Sahara

• OPINION - Israel as a threat: How Tel Aviv is reshaping the threat perception of Gulf Cooperation Council states

• Second Japan-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Foreign Ministers' Meeting

• GCC to Bolster Military, Intelligence Alliance Following Qatar Summit

• Partners for stability: Foreign Minister Wadephul travels to Qatar and to a Gulf Cooperation Council meeting in Kuwait

• What GCC’s activation of NATO-style joint defence pact means for regional security

• President Trump's Gulf Trip: Meeting the GCC on Day Two

• The Future of Cryptocurrency in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

• Gulf Cooperation Council Reaffirms Support for Morocco’s Sovereignty Over Western Sahara

• Gulf Cooperation Council warns of ‘alarming scenarios’ amid ongoing Israel-Iran conflict

• Gulf states call for Gaza truce, support Syria at ministerial session

• $60 oil is likely to have a 'significant' impact on the deficits of GCC countries, says Goldman Sachs

• GCC welcomes Oman's hosting of Iran-US talks

• GCC calls for enhanced global cooperation to combat pollution and climate change

• HE the GCCSG: The Peninsula Shield Forces Have ...

• GCC-Stat: Gulf Financial Markets' Combined Market Capitalization Nearly USD 4 Tln

• Gulf Cooperation Council renews Jasem Albudaiwi's term as secretary-general

• Commander-in-Chief receives Joint Peninsula Shield Forces Commander

• GCC summit calls for ‘intervention’ to protect civilians in Gaza

• Gulf Cooperation Council reiterates steady support for Morocco’s sovereignty over its Sahara

• Gulf Cooperation Council calls for lifting sanctions on Syria

• Gulf summit calls for end to Israeli genocide in Gaza, expresses solidarity with Lebanon

• GCC chief criticises ‘failure’ of Israel’s closest allies over Gaza war

• Gulf Cooperation Council pledges support to Lebanon, urges it to pursue reform

• The GCC imports 85% of its food – here’s how it is increasing food security through innovation

• EU-GCC Trade cooperation: Elevating it to the next level

• Deepening Cooperation Between China and the Gulf

• Kuwait Declares Public Holiday on December 1 for GCC Summit

• Gulf nations working to create joint naval force

• New Zealand's Breakthrough Free Trade Deal With the Gulf

• Kuwait affirms commitment to GCC cybersecurity cooperation at Doha Summit

• Qatar hosts 4th consultative meeting of GCC Ministers of Commerce and Industry with Gulf Entrepreneurs

• Qatar Chairs 25Th Meeting Of Ministerial Committee In Charge Of Following Up On Implementation Of GCC Joint Action Decisions

• Bahrain supports joint GCC communication initiatives

• First European Union-Gulf Cooperation Council Summit - Joint Statement

• Negotiations on FTA between GCC, Türkiye to begin July 29: Report | Daily Sabah

• UAE, GCC Welcome ICJ Ruling Against Israeli Settlements In Palestine

• GCC Welcomes Agreement between Yemen Govt, Houthis

• GCC Sec-Gen Denounces Knesset's Approval Of Anti-Palestinian State Law

• Albudaiwi Stresses GCC's Firm Support for the Palestinian People

• GCC Secretary General Meets with GCC Ambassadors to Indonesia

• Indonesia and GCC begin talks on FTA negotiations

• Gulf Cooperation Council banks show strong appetite for expansion, including in Türkiye: Fitch

• GCC Secretary General Condemns Knesset's Approval of Anti-Palestinian State Law

• GCC: historical milestones in its four-decade journey| Gulf Times

• KUNA : Kuwait Army Chief receives joint GCC intelligence, security chief - Military - 09/07/2024

• Iran rejects GCC’s ‘unconstructive, fruitless’ claims on trio Persian Gulf islands

• China ready to boost oil ties with GCC

• Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Doha, discuss Houthi attacks

• A New Regionalism: Türkiye and the Gulf Cooperation Council

• GCC Secretary General Meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary

• Gulf Cooperation Council, Türkiye extend joint action plan to 2029

• Central Asian and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Engage in Strategic Dialogue

• BDF Chief of Staff receives Joint Peninsula Shield Forces Commander

• Saudi Arabia hosts Gulf ministerial meeting to discuss Gaza conflict

• Peninsula Shield Force to participate in joint military exercise in Kuwait

• North Thunder' sends a message of unity, power

• Kuwait Army, Peninsula Shield Forces to carry out exercise with live ammunition at the end of November

• KUNA : MoD: All forces arrive in Kuwait for "Integration Ex I" - Military - 25/11/2023

• SAF Chief of Staff receives Commander of Peninsula Shield Joint Force

• The Future of the Gulf Cooperation Council Amid Saudi-Emirati Rivalry

• Kazakhstan Takes Part in Central Asia – Gulf Cooperation Council Strategic Dialogue Meeting

• Riyadh set to host 1st summit of Gulf, Southeast Asian nations

• GCC Countries and Central Asia's High-Level Meeting

• GCC, Iran's Northern Neighbors Expanding Financial Ties

• Türkiye, GCC agree to launch talks on free trade agreement

• Gulf Cooperation Council reaffirms 'exclusive right' of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait to Durra gas field

• Pakistan, GCC sign preliminary free trade agreement

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From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books

• Decarbonization and Renewables in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): A Critical Review Aloughani, M. (2024). Decarbonization and Renewables in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): A Critical Review. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 14(3), 595-612.

• Regulations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries Ahmad, U., Islam, A., & Ali, V. (2024). Regulations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries. In Global Regulations of Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Food Products (pp. 228-242). CRC Press.

• Balancing power and prosperity: China's geo-economic engagement with the Gulf Cooperation Council Al Shidhani, R., & Baig, S. (2024). Balancing power and prosperity: China’s geo-economic engagement with the Gulf Cooperation Council. Asian Review of Political Economy, 3(1), 1-28.

• The impact of land use on water resources in the Gulf Cooperation Council region Helal, B., Ali, M., Ali, T., Odeleye, I. P., Mortula, M., & Gawai, R. (2024). The impact of land use on water resources in the Gulf Cooperation Council region. Land, 13(7), 925.

• Multinational military cooperation in the Global South Ferreyra, M., & Soeters, J. (2024). Multinational military cooperation in the Global South. Armed Forces & Society, 50(1), 25-54.

• Energy transition strategies in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Sanfilippo, A., Vermeersch, M., & Benito, V. B. (2024). Energy transition strategies in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Energy Strategy Reviews, 55, 101512.

• European union-gulf cooperation council trade and sustainability relations Leal-Arcas, R., Tahir, A., AlHakbani, F., Arkobi, K., AlSheikh, F., Foiz, T. B., ... & Dehaish, S. B. (2024). European union-gulf cooperation council trade and sustainability relations. In Research handbook on EU energy law and policy (pp. 322-360). Edward Elgar Publishing.

• An empirical study of unethical earnings management behaviors in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) listed firms Kazma, B., & Valax, M. (2024). An empirical study of unethical earnings management behaviors in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) listed firms. Management international/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, 28(5).

• Strategic Shifts in the Gulf: GCC Defence Diversification amidst US Decline Parker, T. B., & Bakir, A. (2024). Strategic Shifts in the Gulf: GCC Defence Diversification amidst US Decline. The International Spectator, 59(4), 116-133.

• Islamic fintech: navigating the regulatory framework and promoting financial inclusion in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries Kismawadi, E. R. (2024). Islamic fintech: navigating the regulatory framework and promoting financial inclusion in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Journal of Islamic Marketing.

• Determinants that attract and discourage foreign direct investment in GCC countries: Do macroeconomic and environmental factors matter? Alharthi, M., Islam, M. M., Alamoudi, H., & Murad, M. W. (2024). Determinants that attract and discourage foreign direct investment in GCC countries: Do macroeconomic and environmental factors matter?. Plos one, 19(2), e0298129.

• An assessment of current hydrogen supply chains in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Olabi, V., & Jouhara, H. (2024). An assessment of current hydrogen supply chains in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Energy, 131576.

• The diffusion of financial technology-enabled innovation in GCC-listed banks and its relationship with profitability and market value Musleh Alsartawi, A. (2024). The diffusion of financial technology-enabled innovation in GCC-listed banks and its relationship with profitability and market value. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting.

• Defence cooperation in the Arabian Gulf: The Peninsula Shield Force put to the test Guzansky, Y. (2014). Defence cooperation in the Arabian Gulf: The Peninsula Shield Force put to the test. Middle Eastern Studies, 50(4), 640-654.

• Keeping it together: A historical approach to resolving stresses and strains within the Peninsula Shield Force Bowden, J. (2017). Keeping it together: A historical approach to resolving stresses and strains within the Peninsula Shield Force. Journal of International Affairs, 70(2), 133-149.

• The Omani Pursuit of a Large Peninsula Shield Force: A Case Study of a Small State's Search for Security Mason, R. (2014). The Omani Pursuit of a Large Peninsula Shield Force: A Case Study of a Small State's Search for Security. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 41(4), 355-367.

• Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Yetim, M. (2023). Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies (pp. 692-696). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

• Water, energy and food supply security in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries—a risk perspective Al-Saidi, M., & Saliba, S. (2019). Water, energy and food supply security in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries—a risk perspective. Water, 11(3), 455.

• Participation modes and diplomacy of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries towards the global sustainability agenda Al-Saidi, M., Zaidan, E., & Hammad, S. (2019). Participation modes and diplomacy of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries towards the global sustainability agenda. Development in Practice, 29(5), 545-558.

• Migration policy in the gulf cooperation Council (GCC) states: A critical analysis Aarthi, S. V., & Sahu, M. (2021). Migration policy in the gulf cooperation Council (GCC) states: A critical analysis. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 8(4), 410-434.

• The dramatic rift and crisis between Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) of June 2017 Naheem, M. A. (2017). The dramatic rift and crisis between Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) of June 2017. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 14(4), 265-277.

• Climate change: the game changer in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region Al-Maamary, H. M., Kazem, H. A., & Chaichan, M. T. (2017). Climate change: the game changer in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 555-576.

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From Documentaries and Inside TV News

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