SCO - Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/sco

Latest Update: 15 October 2025

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Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Multilateral Alliances, Including Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT), Bilateral Military Defence Treaty (BMDT), and Foreign Military Presence, which Have a Geopolitical Impact on Global Order

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances

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Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

A Researcher in International Relations with a Focus on Security, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

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For the Differences Between Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation:

• The Difference Between Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/military

The Importance of Political, Economic, and Trade Alliances:

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). Restrictions on International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Nationalism-Mercantilism versus Trade Liberalism. Research Paper, PD9. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd9

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). The Chess Game of Forming International Trade Agreements: Shaping Global Economic and Political Power. Research Paper, PD10. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd10

• Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). Is the World Trade Organization (WTO) has a Future under the Mechanism of Consensus in Decision-Making?: A New Framework for Achieving Successful Rounds. Research Paper, PD11. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/research-papers/pd11

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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Regional Alliance led by China that combines issues of Trade, Economics, Politics, and even Security and Military cooperation via Security Summits with the Security Councils of the SCO members, as well as regular Joint Military Drills by the SCO Members and Observer States and even with other Alliances as CIS. SCO aims to include countries from the regions of East-South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East, and East Europe to create territorial continuity among the SCO members.

Official Website of SCO https://eng.sectsco.org/

Military Cooperation: Joint Communique of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Defence Ministers' Meeting (24 August 2022, Tashkent)

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SCO - Membership Status, 2025 GSR

For Full Details about the Membership Status and 2025 GSR:

Section E34. SCO - Multilateral Alliance: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/sco

Section E34 - List of Contents

Section E34. SCO - Multilateral Alliance: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

• Section E34.1 SCO - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

• Section E34.2 SCO - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

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From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher:

• Sanctions against Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 3 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/03/02/2022

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From Newspapers

• 22nd Meeting of Ministers of Defense of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• China’s Xi says SCO bears ‘greater responsibility’ for keeping peace

• Laos Signals Interest in Joining Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit opens in Tianjin with 21 nations participating

• Iran's Pezeshkian urges Shanghai Cooperation Organization to cut dollar reliance

• Is China's SCO a counterweight to NATO or just geopolitical theatre?

• Shanghai Cooperation Organization head hails Türkiye's growing role in international diplomacy

• China-SCO trade hits record $890 billion

• Putin And Xi Jinping To Discuss Cooperation Within BRICS And SCO In May

• China to host SCO military meeting

• SCO: gateway to development and prosperity

• Unlocking Tourism: SCO's Vision for Visa Free Travel

• SCO chief pushes for multilateral agreements on visa facilitation to unlock full tourism potential

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to create four specialized centers to counter terrorism & extremism

• Iran Calls for Greater SCO Collaboration on Rail Development

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Secretary General to visit Delhi from February 4-7

• The global evolution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

• CSTO, CIS, SCO discuss security in Eurasia

• Key Takeaways From the Islamabad SCO Summit

• SCO bolsters security cooperation, economic integration among members

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: List of SCO Summits Till 2024

• SCO leaders for deeper cooperation

• Indian minister in Pakistan on rare visit, for Shanghai Cooperation forum

• Xi and Putin talk up growth of their Eurasian bloc organisation as counterweight to Nato

• SCO holds first joint anti-terrorism drill in China featuring all member states

• Shanghai Cooperation Organization takes another giant step

• China Seeks to Boost Shanghai Bloc to Counter the West

• Cambodia seeks deeper engagement with the SCO

• For These Reasons, Algeria Asked To Join The Shanghai Cooperation Organization – الشروق أونلاين

• Leading Arab military power eyes (Algeria) entry into a China-headed bloc

• After India & Pakistan, SCO Set To Welcome 9th Member; Held Its 1st-Ever Joint Military Drills With China

• Nato or Shanghai Cooperation Organisation? Erdogan goes for both

• Putin Holds Talks with Erdogan in Astana

• An 'axis' NATO? Chinese Foreign Minister calls for Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to boost security cooperation

• Why has Belarus joined the SCO? What does it mean for the bloc?

• Why the SCO summit in Astana matters

• Belarus joins Shanghai Cooperation Organization as 10th member state

• Laos Applies To Join The Shanghai Cooperation Organization - RUSSIA'S PIVOT TO ASIA

• Pakistan Deputy PM to attend SCO Foreign Ministers' meeting in Kazakhstan on Monday

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers Meet

• Algeria Applies To Join The Shanghai Cooperation Organization - RUSSIA'S PIVOT TO ASIA

• Foreign ministers of Shanghai Cooperation Organization convene in Kazakh capital

• Joint anti-terrorism drill of the SCO and CIS: Eurasia-Antiterror

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to hold joint drills in Russia

• A glance at SCO "Peace Mission" anti-terrorism drills

• Russia and the SCO Military Exercises - The Diplomat

• SCO Military Drills Strengthen Russian-Chinese Regional Hegemony

• Drone warfare marks a first for SCO drill, as region faces up to terror

• Kazakhstan sets reform agenda for Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s Rising Global Ambitions

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation holds Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure Council meeting in Kazakhstan

• The 22nd meeting of SCO member states' council of heads of government is held in Bishkek

• China proposes to expand local currency settlement among SCO members

• Riyadh joins Shanghai Cooperation Organization as ties with Beijing grow

• Can the Shanghai club act as a counterweight to NATO?

• SCO expansion process continues; Belarus expected to complete procedures by 2024

• Taliban seek participation in future SCO meetings

• SCO states can jointly cope with 'protectionist measures, illegal sanctions,' says Russia

• Pakistan to hold over 80 events as chair of SCO Council of Heads of Govt this year, Associated Press of Pakistan

• India And Iran To Enhance Collaboration In BRICS And SCO, Mena FN

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From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books

• Performing Regionalism or Performing Performance?: The Case of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Höra, E. (2024). Performing Regionalism or Performing Performance?: The Case of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In The Performance of Regionalism in the Global South (pp. 90-106). Routledge.

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Its role and place in the development of Eurasia Alimov, R. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Its role and place in the development of Eurasia. Journal of Eurasian studies, 9(2), 114-124.

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation:'Tackling the three evils'. A regional response to non-traditional security challenges or an anti-Western bloc? Aris, S. (2009). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation:‘Tackling the three evils’. A regional response to non-traditional security challenges or an anti-Western bloc?. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(3), 457-482.

• Role of the People's Republic of China in the Activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Perskaya, V. V., Khairov, B. G., Revenko, N. S., & Khairova, S. M. (2023). Role of the People’s Republic of China in the Activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. East Asia, 1-12.

• Conflict or cooperation? India and Pakistan in Shanghai cooperation organisation Ahmed, Z. S., Ahmed, S., & Bhatnagar, S. (2019). Conflict or cooperation? India and Pakistan in Shanghai cooperation organisation. Pacific Focus, 34(1), 5-30.

• A new model of Asian regionalism: does the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation have more potential than ASEAN? Aris, S. (2009). A new model of Asian regionalism: does the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation have more potential than ASEAN?. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 22(3), 451-467.

• Eurasian encounters: The Eurasian economic union and the Shanghai cooperation organisation Gatev, I., & Diesen, G. (2018). Eurasian encounters: The Eurasian economic union and the Shanghai cooperation organisation. In The Eurasian Project in Global Perspective (pp. 133-150). Routledge.

• Analysing Regionalism within International Law and Relations: The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as a Grossraum? Salter, M., & Yin, Y. (2014). Analysing regionalism within international law and relations: the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as a grossraum?. Chinese Journal of International Law, 13(4), 819-877.

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Xiaodong, Z. (2012). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Counter-Terrorism Cooperation. Institute for Security and Development Policy, 16.

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Scott-Smith, G. (2020). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The Changing Global Order: Challenges and Prospects, 177-191.

• Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Afghanistan: scope and limitations Singh Roy, M. (2010). Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Afghanistan: scope and limitations. Strategic Analysis, 34(4), 545-561.

• Security, strategy and the former USSR: China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Lanteigne, M. (2012). Security, strategy and the former USSR: China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In A Handbook of China's International Relations (pp. 166-176). Routledge.

• Iran and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Dizboni, A. G., Haji-Yousefi, A. M., Raji-Yousefi, A. M., & MCPHERSON, G. (2010). Iran and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 14(2), 150-166.

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From Documentaries and Inside TV News

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