https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05082024/melilla

Published Date: 05 August 2024

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Melilla, Spain

Melilla has been a Colony of Spain since 1497 and despite several attempts to recapture the city by Moroccan tribes over history, it has remained under Spain’s control, even after the Independence of Morocco. In 1995, Spain granted the Statutes of Autonomy for Melilla by replacing the City Council of Melilla with the Government of Melilla and the Assembly of Melilla, still, Morocco never recognised the sovereignty of Spain on Melilla and Ceuta by demanding their return to Morocco (see Ceuta and Melilla: Spain's enclaves in North Africa, BBC, 5 June 2021 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57305882).    

• Government of Melilla https://x.com/GobiernoMelilla

• Assembly of Melilla https://www.melilla.es/

Melilla

Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Yearly Rank to Compare the Global Political Power among Countries, Alliances and Coalitions to Survive Long Wars at the Military Level, Economic Level, and Political Level

2024 Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-survival-rank-zrb/2024

Key Figures of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

Source: OEC

Profile of Melilla, Spain

• Melilla - Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Melilla

• Melilla - BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627

Interview with the President of Melilla, Spain

Research Papers and Research Books

• 'Building Fortress Europe? Schengen and the Cases of Ceuta and Melilla' Pinos, J. C. (2009). 'Building Fortress Europe? Schengen and the Cases of Ceuta and Melilla'.

• Europe or Africa?: A contemporary study of the Spanish North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla Gold, P. (2000). Europe or Africa?: A contemporary study of the Spanish North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. Liverpool University Press.

• Is Morocco operating a grey zone in Ceuta and Melilla? Baqués-Quesada, J. (2023). Is Morocco operating a grey zone in Ceuta and Melilla?. Defence Studies, 23(2), 198-214.

• The biopolitics and geopolitics of border enforcement in Melilla Johnson, C., & Jones, R. (2018). The biopolitics and geopolitics of border enforcement in Melilla. Territory, Politics, Governance, 6(1), 61-80.

• The tensions of the Ceuta and Melilla border fences Pallister-Wilkins, P. (2016). The tensions of the Ceuta and Melilla border fences. In EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management: Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives (pp. 63-81). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.

• Leadership practices of school principals: the case of the multicultural city of Melilla, Spain Chilah Abdelkader, N., García-Carmona, M., & Hinojo Lucena, F. J. (2023). Leadership practices of school principals: the case of the multicultural city of Melilla, Spain. School Leadership & Management, 43(5), 525-545.

• Frontera Sur: Behind and beyond the fences of Ceuta and Melilla Queirolo Palmas, L. (2021). Frontera Sur: Behind and beyond the fences of Ceuta and Melilla. Ethnography, 22(4), 451-473.

• Ceuta and Melilla: clouds over the African Spanish towns. Muslim minorities, Spaniards' fears and Morocco–Spain mutual dependence González Enríquez, C. (2007). Ceuta and Melilla: clouds over the African Spanish towns. Muslim minorities, Spaniards' fears and Morocco–Spain mutual dependence. The Journal of North African Studies, 12(2), 219-234.

• Consuming Europe: the moral significance of mobility and exchange at the Spanish–Moroccan border of Melilla Soto Bermant, L. (2014). Consuming Europe: the moral significance of mobility and exchange at the Spanish–Moroccan border of Melilla. The Journal of North African Studies, 19(1), 110-129.

• Policy, Media, and the Shaping of Spain-Morocco Relations: Discursive Representations of Migration to Ceuta and Melilla Ali, F. (2024). Policy, Media, and the Shaping of Spain-Morocco Relations: Discursive Representations of Migration to Ceuta and Melilla. Springer Nature.

• Analysis of the Agreements between Spain and Morocco-The Guarantee of the Circulation of Immigrants on the Southern Border of the Autonomous City of Melilla Palacios, M. D. A. L. (2018). Analysis of the Agreements between Spain and Morocco-The Guarantee of the Circulation of Immigrants on the Southern Border of the Autonomous City of Melilla. Revista Internacional Pensamiento Politico, 13, 455.

• When Spain meets Morocco: discourses, language choices and linguistic policy in Ceuta and Melilla Knoerrich Aldabo, I. A. (2011). When Spain meets Morocco: discourses, language choices and linguistic policy in Ceuta and Melilla. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica, 19(1), 103-118.

Historical Background and Historical Perspective

• Law on a wild frontier: Moroccans in the Spanish courts in Melilla in the nineteenth century Pennell, C. R. (2002). Law on a wild frontier: Moroccans in the Spanish courts in Melilla in the nineteenth century. The Journal of North African Studies, 7(3), 67-78.

• The Interesting History Of Melilla, A Spanish City In Africa https://jetsettimes.com/countries/spain/melilla/the-interesting-history-of-melilla-a-spanish-city-in-africa/

Traditional Costume