Botswana, 14 October 2021

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher’s Academic Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade: Opportunities versus Risks

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher - Researcher in International Business with a focus on Risks

PhD in Public Policy & Management with a focus on International Business; M.A. in International Relations & Strategy with a focus on Foreign Policy & International Security; B.A. in Political Science; Sociology and Anthropology; Associate Degree in Business Management and General Management (448 Academic Hours); Certified Technician in Control Systems and Instrumentation; Technician in Telecommunication Systems;

In this blog, I focus each time on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade in a certain country or territory in terms of how Location Factors (Political, Economic, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Cultural) and Entry Modes (e.g. M&As, Export and Greenfield) impact the attractiveness - or vice versa - the risks of FDI and International Trade in the specific country or territory. Still, keep in mind that each risk may lead to an opportunity for resolving problems via suitable FDI and International Trade, while each opportunity for FDI and International Trade may involve risks.

Political Risks: Regime Transformation, Political Instability, Wars, Conflicts, Geopolitical Conflicts, Sanctions, Global Terror, Regional Crises, and Global Crises.
Economic Risks: Economic Instability, Restrictions on FDI and International Trade, Impact of FDI on Labour Markets; International Trade Agreements and Trade Wars
Strategic Risks: Strategic Risks in M&As, Integration in M&As, Cultural Distance, Cultural Openness, Labour Unions in M&As

Botswana - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

Botswana

**Capital:** Gaborone
**Population:** 2,351,625 (World Bank, 2020)
**GDP per capita, PPP:** $16,920.8 (World Bank, 2020)

Gaborone, Botswana

**Main Religion:** Christianity

Key Figures of FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): $260.93 (Millions) (2019)
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): $43.45 (Millions) (2019)
Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $6,162.12 (Millions) (2019)
Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $7,437.43 (Millions) (2019)
Source: World Bank

Information and Data on FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Botswana - Investing - International Trade Portal International Trade Portal (lloydsbanktrade.com)
Country Profile - Botswana
Foreign trade figures of Botswana - Economic and Political Overview - International Trade Portal International Trade Portal (lloydsbanktrade.com)
Botswana - United States Department of State

Macro Data

Botswana | Data (worldbank.org)
Botswana and the IMF

General Information and Political Information

Botswana - The World Factbook (cia.gov)
Botswana country profile - BBC News

Research Papers and Research Books

Why Botswana Prospered - James Clark Leith - Google Books
Chapter 4. An African Success Story: Botswana (degruyter.com)
Culture and Customs of Botswana - James Raymond Denbow, Phenyo C. Thebe, Phenyo C.. Thebe - Google Books
Land tenure reforms and persistence of land conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa – The case of Botswana - ScienceDirect
Barriers to energy transition: A case of Botswana - ScienceDirect
Energy consumption and economic growth in Botswana: empirical evidence from disaggregated data: International Review of Applied Economics: Vol 35, No 1 (tandfonline.com)
Challenges of community-based tourism in Botswana: a review of literature: Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa: Vol 75, No 2 (tandfonline.com)
Climate change adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in Ngamiland East, Botswana | SpringerLink
THE impact of remittance inflows on poverty in Botswana: an ARDL approach | SpringerLink
Full article: FDI inflows and poverty reduction in Botswana: an empirical investigation (tandfonline.com)
FDI and poverty reduction in Botswana: A multivariate causality test - Vol. 12, No 3, 2019 - Economics & Sociology (pubms.org)
Foreign Direct Investment–The Case of Botswana
Foreign Direct Investment in Zimbabwe and Botswana: The Elephant in the Room | SpringerLink
Investigating the Dialogic Communications Potential of the Botswana Trade and Investment Centre Website for Destination Branding | SpringerLink
Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Telecoupling of the Trade of Donkey-Hides between Botswana and China: Challenges and Opportunities (mdpi.com)
Full article: Trade openness and economic growth in Botswana: Evidence from cointegration and error-correction modelling (tandfonline.com)
Trade Liberalisation and Labour Market Adjustment in Botswana | Journal of African Economies | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
Rhetoric and realities of regional integration : Botswana SME perspectives on Southern African trade | South African Journal of Business Management (journals.co.za)
Using preferential trade access to promote global development goals: the case of beef and market access to Norway from Namibia and Botswana | Agrekon (journals.co.za)
Trade Liberalisation and Female Employment in Botswana and South Africa by Kholiswa Malindini, Odile Mackett :: SSRN
Determinants of Export Decisions by Manufacturing Firms in Botswana :: Science Publishing Group (ijober.org)
A Comparative Study of Export Processing Zones in the Wake of Sustainable Development Goals: Cases of Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania and Zimbabwe by Richard Adu-Gyamfi, Simplice Asongu, Tinaye Mmusi, Herbert Wamalwa, Madei Mangori :: SSRN
Linkages between mining and non-mining sectors in Botswana | SpringerLink
Corporate Social Responsibility Through Ergonomics: Reflections from the Botswana Mining Sector | SpringerLink
Corporate Social Responsibility in a Diamond-Mining Company in Botswana | SpringerLink
Mineral inclusions in diamonds from Karowe Mine, Botswana: super-deep sources for super-sized diamonds? | SpringerLink
Diamonds, Development, and Dollars: A Case Study on a Newly Founded Gemological Lab in Botswana Aiming at Sustainable Community Empowerment | SpringerLink

Public Policy and Politics via Documentaries and in-Depth TV News Programs

Keep in mind that Documentaries and in-Depth TV News programs usually reflect a certain viewpoint. ZRB

Botswana The Hidden Gem of Africa - YouTube
Youthful population is an economic opportunity for us, Botswana's president says - YouTube
Botswana appeals ruling allowing gay sex, court delays judgment • FRANCE 24 English - YouTube
Botswana's Trade Minister on Tourism, Economy, Diamond Trade - YouTube
Botswana's capital transformed dramatically over 5 years - YouTube

Important History Events

Why History? History shapes the present and future and even may repeat itself. ZRB

Botswana at 50 - YouTube
History of Botswana on JSTOR (aluka.org)
Botswana – A Modern Economic History: An African Diamond in the Rough - Ellen Hillbom, Jutta Bolt - Google Books
Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977-2007 (ucalgary.ca)

Other Issues

Issues that may have indirect effects or long-run effects either on opportunities or risks of FDI and International Trade. ZRB

Botswana's government seeks to overturn ruling on same-sex relationships | Africanews
Botswana, EU clash over human rights issues (weekendpost.co.bw)
Delineation of potential groundwater recharge zones using analytic hierarchy process-guided GIS in the semi-arid Motloutse watershed, eastern Botswana - ScienceDirect
Evidence of a Growing Elephant Poaching Problem in Botswana - ScienceDirect
Seasonal flooding in the Okavango Delta, Botswana - recent history and future prospects | South African Journal of Science (journals.co.za)