Netherlands

Written By Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Netherlands, 27 April 2022

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher’s Academic Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade: Opportunities versus Risks

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher - Researcher in International Business with a focus on Risks

In this blog, I focus each time on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade in a certain country or territory in terms of how Location Factors (Political, Economic, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Cultural) and Entry Modes (e.g. M&As, Export and Greenfield) impact the attractiveness - or vice versa - the risks of FDI and International Trade in the specific country or territory. Still, keep in mind that each risk may lead to an opportunity for resolving problems via suitable FDI and International Trade, while each opportunity for FDI and International Trade may involve risks.

Political Risks: Regime Transformation, Political Instability, Wars, Conflicts, Geopolitical Conflicts, Sanctions, Global Terror, Regional Crises, and Global Crises.

Economic Risks: Economic Instability, Restrictions on FDI and International Trade, Impact of FDI on Labour Markets; International Trade Agreements and Trade Wars

Strategic Risks: Strategic Risks in M&As, Integration in M&As, Cultural Distance, Cultural Openness, Labour Unions in M&As

Netherlands - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

The Netherlands - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

The Netherlands

  • Capital: Amsterdam

  • Kingdom and Government Seat: The Hague

  • Population: 17,441,139 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GDP per capita, PPP: $59,268.14 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GNI per capita, Atlas Method: $51,060.00 (World Bank, 2020)

The Hague, The Netherlands

Main Religion: Irreligion (Non-Religion)

Key Figures of FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): $-149,321.66 (Millions) (2020)

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): $-200,228.78 (Millions) (2020)

Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $711,623.17 (Millions) (2020)

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $616,298.18 (Millions) (2020)

Source: World Bank

Information and Data on FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Netherlands - Investing - International Trade Portal International Trade Portal (lloydsbanktrade.com)

Foreign trade figures of the Netherlands - Economic and Political Overview - International Trade Portal International Trade Portal (lloydsbanktrade.com)

FactSheet_2021_new (unctad.org)

Netherlands - United States Department of State

Macro Data

Netherlands | Data (worldbank.org)

Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherlands and the IMF

General Information and Political Information

Netherlands - The World Factbook (cia.gov)

Netherlands country profile - BBC News

Research Papers and Research Books

Governance and Politics of the Netherlands - Rudy B. Andeweg, Galen A. Irwin, Tom Louwerse - Google Books

Smart metering in the Netherlands: What, how, and why - ScienceDirect

Assessing the capacity, coverage and cost of 5G infrastructure strategies: Analysis of the Netherlands - ScienceDirect

EconPapers: Assessing a Causal Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital: The Case of the Netherlands (repec.org)

International trade, foreign direct investments, and firms’ systemic risk : Evidence from the Netherlands - ScienceDirect

Populism and Support for Protectionism: The Relevance of Opposition to Trade Openness for Leftist and Rightist Populist Voting in The Netherlands - Jeroen van der Waal, Willem de Koster, 2018 (sagepub.com)

What drives market construction for fair trade, organic, and GlobalGAP certification in the global citrus value chain? Evidence at the importer level in the Netherlands and the United States - Mook - 2021 - Business Strategy and the Environment - Wiley Online Library

Enforcement of Policies Against Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in the Netherlands | SpringerLink

Brexit's Agri‐trade Impacts on the Netherlands - Berkum - 2018 - EuroChoices - Wiley Online Library

Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development (repec.org)

Trade And Economic Cooperation Between The Russian Federation And The Kingdom Of The Netherlands In Modern Conditions (repec.org)

Trade Unions and Welfare Markets: Comparing Dynamics in Three Domestic/Care Markets in the Netherlands | SpringerLink

The Governmentalization of the Trade Union and the Potential of Union-Based Resistance. The Case of Undocumented Migrant Domestic Workers in the Netherlands Making Rights Claims - Anja Eleveld, Franca Van Hooren, 2018 (sagepub.com)

Amtenbrink, F., Prévost, D., & Wessel, R. A. (Eds.). (2018). Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2017: Shifting Forms and Levels of Cooperation in International Economic Law: Structural Developments in Trade, Investment and Financial Regulation (Vol. 48). Springer.

Full article: Firm heterogeneity and exports in the Netherlands: Identifying export potential beyond firm productivity (tandfonline.com)

Distinguishing Between Imports for Domestic Use and for Re-Exports: A Novel Method Illustrated for the Netherlands - Oscar Lemmers, Khee Fung Wong, 2019 (sagepub.com)

Preventing illicit waste-exports from the Netherlands to China | Toine (taylorfrancis.com)

Free lunch or vital support? Export promotion in The Netherlands | Emerald Insight

Chinese reverse M&As in the Netherlands: Chinese managers’ trust building practices | Emerald Insight

Full article: The Dutch ‘Gateway to Europe’ spatial policy narrative, 1980–2020: a systematic review (tandfonline.com)

Towards a climate-neutral energy system in the Netherlands - ScienceDirect

Everybody should contribute, but not too much: Perceptions of local governments on citizen responsibilisation in climate change adaptation in the Netherlands - Uittenbroek - - Environmental Policy and Governance - Wiley Online Library

The co-evolution of innovation systems and context: Offshore wind in Norway and the Netherlands - ScienceDirect

Public Policy and Politics via Documentaries and in-Depth TV News Programs

Keep in mind that Documentaries and in-Depth TV News programs usually reflect a certain viewpoint. ZRB

The power of the drugs mafia - Cocaine and the Netherlands | DW Documentary - YouTube

The Netherlands celebrates 20 years of same-sex marriages - YouTube

Dutch society divided on assisted suicide law - YouTube

Important History Events

Why History? History shapes the present and future and even may repeat itself. ZRB

A History of the Netherlands: From the Sixteenth Century to the Present Day - Friso Wielenga - Google Books

A Concise History of the Netherlands - James C. Kennedy - Google Books

May 1940: The Battle for the Netherlands - Google Books

The Silent Heroes: A Memoir of Holland During World War II - Hans Moederzoon Van Kuilenburg - Google Books

The Dutch Empire between Ideas and Practice, 1600–2000 | SpringerLink

Gender, Power and Identity in the Early Modern House of Orange-Nassau - Susan Broomhall, Jacqueline Van Gent - Google Books

Dutch Royal Family - Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands - Royal Documentary - YouTube

History of the Netherlands - YouTube

How did the Dutch create a colonial empire? - YouTube

Other Issues

Issues that may have indirect effects or long-run effects either on opportunities or risks of FDI and International Trade. ZRB

Late Marriage and Low Fertility Rate

Permanent Celibacy and Late Marriage in the Netherlands, 1890-1960 | Cairn International Edition (cairn-int.info)

The Effect of Same-Sex Marriage Laws on Different-Sex Marriage: Evidence From the Netherlands | Demography | Duke University Press (dukeupress.edu)

Changing gender relations, declining fertility? An analysis of childbearing trajectories in 19th-century Netherlands on JSTOR

Church attendance and childbearing: Evidence from a Dutch panel study, 1987–2005: Population Studies: Vol 66, No 2 (tandfonline.com)

Other

National Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics (oapen.org)

History, risk, infrastructure: perspectives on bicycling in the Netherlands and the UK - ScienceDirect

Frontiers | Different This Time? The Prospects of CCS in the Netherlands in the 2020s | Energy Research (frontiersin.org)

Farmers in the Netherlands are growing more food using less resources | Pioneers for Our Planet - YouTube

Full article: Developments in euthanasia practice in the Netherlands: Balancing professional responsibility and the patient’s autonomy (tandfonline.com)

Traditional Costume

Caribbean Special Municipality of the Netherlands: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba

Aruba - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

Aruba

  • Capital: Oranjestad

  • Population: 106,766 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GDP per capita, PPP: $38,897.12 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GNI per capita, Atlas Method: $27,120.00 (World Bank, 2020)

Oranjestad, Aruba

Main Religion: Christianity

Key Figures of FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): $143.12 (Millions) (2020)

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): $14.27 (Millions) (2020)

Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $1,449.74 (Millions) (2020)

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $1,669.86 (Millions) (2020)

Source: World Bank

Information and Data on FDI and International Trade

FactSheet_2021_new (unctad.org)

Aruba - Foreign direct investment (indexmundi.com)

Aruba (ABW) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity

Aruba | Imports and Exports | World | ALL COMMODITIES | Value (US$) and Value Growth, YoY (%) | 2009 - 2020 (trendeconomy.com)

Macro Data

Aruba | Data (worldbank.org)

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Netherlands Antilles and the IMF

General Information and Political Information

Aruba - The World Factbook (cia.gov)

Aruba profile - BBC News

Research Papers and Research Books

Impacts of seasonal patterns of climate on recurrent fluctuations in tourism demand: Evidence from Aruba - ScienceDirect

Pieters, D. (2021). Aruba. In Social Security Law in Small Jurisdictions (pp. 47-58). Springer, Cham.

Project MUSE - Crosslinguistic structural priming as a mechanism of contact-induced language change: Evidence from Papiamento-Dutch bilinguals in Aruba and the Netherlands (jhu.edu)

A methodology for analyzing renewable energy opportunities for desalination and its application to Aruba - ScienceDirect

The National Library of Aruba goes Green! A Chronology and History: Journal of Library Administration: Vol 58, No 7 (tandfonline.com)

In search of inclusive tourism in the Caribbean: insights from Aruba | Emerald Insight

In the shadow of the refinery: an American oil company town on the Caribbean island of Aruba: Journal of Cultural Geography: Vol 36, No 1 (tandfonline.com)

Aruba Recent Economic and Political Developments Yearbook - Strategic ... - IBP, Inc. - Google Books

Public Policy and Politics via Documentaries and in-Depth TV News Programs

Keep in mind that Documentaries and in-Depth TV News programs usually reflect a certain viewpoint. ZRB

Opening statement by H.E. Ms Evelyn Wever-Croes, Prime Minister of Aruba - #AdaptationSummit - YouTube

Important History Events

Why History? History shapes the present and future and even may repeat itself. ZRB

Aruba History - What's the History of Aruba? | Aruba.com

Aruba - History - YouTube

Other Issues

Issues that may have indirect effects or long-run effects either on opportunities or risks of FDI and International Trade. ZRB

Women in hospitality leadership: barriers and best practices in Aruba: Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism: Vol 20, No 2 (tandfonline.com)

National Bird

Burrowing Owl

Curaçao - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

Curaçao

  • Capital: Willemstad

  • Population: 155,014 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GDP per capita, PPP: $21,413.82 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GNI per capita, Atlas Method: $17,140 (World Bank, 2020)

Willemstad, Curaçao

Main Religion: Christianity

Key Figures of FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): $158.15 (Millions) (2020)

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): $9.36 (Millions) (2020)

Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $1,013.02 (Millions) (2020)

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $1,709.86 (Millions) (2020)

Source: World Bank

Information and Data on FDI and International Trade

FactSheet_2021_new (unctad.org)

Curaçao - Foreign direct investment (indexmundi.com)

Curaçao (CUW) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity

Curaçao's National Export Strategy 2020-2025 | Willemstad Smart City

Macro Data

Curacao | Data (worldbank.org)

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Netherlands Antilles and the IMF

General Information and Political Information

Curacao - The World Factbook (cia.gov)

Curacao profile - BBC News

Research Papers and Research Books

Green ammonia enables sustainable energy production in small island developing states: A case study on the island of Curaçao - ScienceDirect

Clinical Leadership as an Agent for Change: A Health System Improvement Intervention in Curaçao - PMC (nih.gov)

A perfect symbiosis: Curaçao, the Netherlands and financial offshore services, 1951–2013 | Financial History Review | Cambridge Core

Pieters, D. (2021). Curaçao. In Social Security Law in Small Jurisdictions (pp. 73-84). Springer, Cham.

Ideas and impact: Continuity, change and constraints in the institutional landscape of Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Trinidad and Tobago - ProQuest

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes ... - OECD - Google Books

Assessment of media development in Curaçao: Based on UNESCO's Media ... - Pin, Renske, Velzen, Susan van, Korstjens, Irwin - Google Books

Public Policy and Politics via Documentaries and in-Depth TV News Programs

Keep in mind that Documentaries and in-Depth TV News programs usually reflect a certain viewpoint. ZRB

Curaçao and climate change | DW Documentary - YouTube

Island paradise of Curaçao becomes a living hell for Venezuelan migrants - YouTube

Important History Events

Why History? History shapes the present and future and even may repeat itself. ZRB

Curaçao in the Age of Revolutions, 1795-1800 (oapen.org)

Waters of Faith, Currents of Freedom: Gender, Religion and Ethnicity i (taylorfrancis.com)

Orangism, Patriotism, and Slavery in Curaçao, 1795–1796* | International Review of Social History | Cambridge Core

Curaçao History (curacaohistory.com)

Other Issues

Issues that may have indirect effects or long-run effects either on opportunities or risks of FDI and International Trade. ZRB

Petrogenic history of volcaniclastic carbonates from Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles | SpringerLink

Associations of number of victimizations with mental health indicators and health-risk behaviours among a nationally representative sample of in-school adolescents in Curaçao - ScienceDirect

High levels of dioxins and PCBs in meat, fat and livers of free ranging pigs, goats, sheep and cows from the island of Curaçao - ScienceDirect

National Flower

Sint Maarten - Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade

Sint Maarten

  • Capital: Philipsburg

  • Population: 40,812 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GDP per capita, PPP: $36,190.66 (World Bank, 2020)

  • GNI per capita, Atlas Method: $27,680 (World Bank, 2020)

Simpson Bay, Sint Maarten

Main Religion: Christianity

Key Figures of FDI and International Trade

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): $26.69 (Millions) (2020)

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): $1.95 (Millions) (2020)

Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $526.29 (Millions) (2020)

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): $757.85 (Millions) (2020)

Source: World Bank

Information and Data on FDI and International Trade

FactSheet_2021_new (unctad.org)

Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Foreign Direct Investment 2011-2022 | MacroTrends

Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Tourism Statistics 2007-2022 | MacroTrends

Macro Data

Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | Data (worldbank.org)

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Netherlands Antilles and the IMF

General Information and Political Information

Sint Maarten - The World Factbook (cia.gov)

Research Papers and Research Books

Hillebrink, S. (2013). Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten. In The political economy of divided islands (pp. 176-194). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Flood risk management in Sint Maarten – A coupled agent-based and flood modelling method - ScienceDirect

How do you build back better so no one is left behind? Lessons from Sint Maarten, Dutch Caribbean, following Hurricane Irma - Collodi - 2021 - Disasters - Wiley Online Library

Pieters, D. (2021). Sint Maarten. In Social Security Law in Small Jurisdictions (pp. 225-235). Springer, Cham.

Full article: An educated Sint Maartener? National belonging in a primary school on Sint Maarten (tandfonline.com)

Ideas and impact: Continuity, change and constraints in the institutional landscape of Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Trinidad and Tobago - ProQuest

Sint Maarten Public Expenditure Review | Public Expenditure Review (worldbank.org)

World Bank. (2020). Rapid Housing Sector Assessment: Sint Maarten. World Bank.

Corruption in an Era of Climate Change: Rebuilding Sint Maarten after Hurricane Irma by Cindy Gerges, Gerry Hirschfeld, Claire Hutar, Garrett Salzman, Juliet Sorensen, Elise Meyer :: SSRN

Public Policy and Politics via Documentaries and in-Depth TV News Programs

Keep in mind that Documentaries and in-Depth TV News programs usually reflect a certain viewpoint. ZRB

Extremely Low Landing at St Maarten Princess Juliana Airport- American Airlines A319 - YouTube

Civil unrest In Sint Maarten - YouTube

Government of Sint Maarten Live Stream - YouTube

Important History Events

Why History? History shapes the present and future and even may repeat itself. ZRB

What is the History of St. Maarten? (sint-maarten.net)

Learn about the history of St Maarten / St Martin! (visitstmaarten.com)

Other Issues

Issues that may have indirect effects or long-run effects either on opportunities or risks of FDI and International Trade. ZRB

Surveying After a Disaster: Capturing Elements of Vulnerability, Risk and Lessons Learned from a Household Survey in the Case Study of Hurricane Irma in Sint Maarten | Journal of Extreme Events (worldscientific.com)

Education in St. Maarten from 1954 to 2000: An Oral History Account - Milton George - Google Books

The Constitution of Sint Maarten: When It Is Time to Vote - Hensley G.A. Plantijn - Google Books

National Birds

 

Dr. Rozen-Bakher’s Academic Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

Blog - All Countries https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog-all

Blog by Date Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog

Blog by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1

Forthcoming Countries from the Blog https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog-cycle-1

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher

Researcher in Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

Political Risks, Economic Risks, Strategic Risks

https://www.rozen-bakher.com/
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