https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21032025/transnistria

Published Date: 21 March 2025

Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher to Identify Risks versus Opportunities at the Country Level

Blog on FDI and International Trade by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1

This blog focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade in a certain country or territory in terms of how the Location Factors (Political, Economic, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Cultural) and Entry Modes (e.g. M&As, Export and Greenfield) impact the attractiveness - or vice versa - the risks of FDI and International Trade in the certain country or territory, still, keep in mind that each risk may lead to an opportunity for resolving problems via suitable FDI and International Trade, while each opportunity for FDI and International Trade may involve risks.

**Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher**

**A Researcher in International Relations with a Focus on Security, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade**

CV

Transnistria

Disputed Country between Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR)) and Moldova (Republic of Moldova)

From 1924 until WWII, Transnistria was part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, an Autonomous that was part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In WWII, the Soviet Union took control on Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic including on Transnistria. During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1990, Transnistria declared independence from Moldova, which led in 1992, to the War of Transnistria with Moldova. Since then, only Abkhazia and South Ossetia recognized Transnistria as an Independent Country (For full details see section E16.4 in Section E16. International Recognition of Disputed Countries https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/16 of 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-survival-rank-zrb/2024).

Population

Shrinking Transnistria - Older, More Monotone, More Dependent https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/publications/shrinking-transnistria-older-more-monotone-more-dependent

One of the Prominent Religious Sites

**Bender,** **Transnistria**

Key Figures of the Country, Global Position, Alliances, and 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Yearly Rank to Compare the Global Political Power among Countries to Survive Long Conflicts and Wars at the Military Level and Economic Level Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-survival-rank-zrb

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Military, Political, Economic and Trade Alliances that Have an Impact on Global Order and Geopolitics Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances

Key Figures of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

Source: https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_433E_Chapter_3.pdf

Source: https://www.ipn.md/en/transnistrian-regions-exports-to-eu-reach-83-of-its-7966_1110889.html

Country Profile

Transnistria - BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18284837
Transnistria - Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Transdniestria

Interview with the President of Transnistria

Note: Use the Subtitles to Translate it to English

Research Papers and Research Books

Nationalism and identity in Transnistria Cojocaru, N. (2006). Nationalism and identity in Transnistria. Innovation, 19(3-4), 261-272.
Transnistria: A bottom-up solution Popescu, N., & Litra, L. (2012). Transnistria: A bottom-up solution. European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria Blakkisrud, H., & Kolstø, P. (2011). From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria. Post-Soviet Affairs, 27(2), 178-210.
The patron-client relationship between Russia and Transnistria Kosienkowski, M. (2019). The patron-client relationship between Russia and Transnistria. In De facto states in Eurasia (pp. 183-207). Routledge.
The role of international brokers in frozen conflicts: The case of Transnistria Dembińska, M., & Mérand, F. (2019). The role of international brokers in frozen conflicts: The case of Transnistria. Asia Europe Journal, 17, 15-30.
A resolvable frozen conflict? Designing a settlement for Transnistria Wolff, S. (2011). A resolvable frozen conflict? Designing a settlement for Transnistria. Nationalities Papers, 39(6), 863-870.
The “Frozen” Southeast: How the Moldova-Transnistria question has become a European geo-security issue Sanchez, W. A. (2009). The “Frozen” Southeast: How the Moldova-Transnistria question has become a European geo-security issue. Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 22(2), 153-176.
Secession and hybrid regime politics in Transnistria Protsyk, O. (2012). Secession and hybrid regime politics in Transnistria. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(1-2), 175-182.
Unrecognized republic, recognizable consequences: Russian troops in" Frozen" transnistria Potter, B. (2022). Unrecognized republic, recognizable consequences: Russian troops in" Frozen" transnistria. Journal of advanced military studies, 13(1), 168-188.
Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem Beyer, J., & Wolff, S. (2016). Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem. East European Politics, 32(3), 335-354.
The political economy of the post-Soviet de facto states: A paired comparison of Transnistria and the Donetsk People's Republic Marandici, I., & Leșanu, A. (2021). The political economy of the post-Soviet de facto states: A paired comparison of Transnistria and the Donetsk People’s Republic. Problems of Post-Communism, 68(4), 339-351.
Cursory Viewpoint on Transnistria as the Focus of the Russian Federation Policy Telenko, O., & Prysiazhniuk, Y. (2021). Cursory Viewpoint on Transnistria as the Focus of the Russian Federation Policy. Przegląd Strategiczny, (14), 215-234.
Shrinking Transnistria. Trends and Effects of Demographic Decline in a De Facto State Crivenco, A., & von Löwis, S. (2022). Shrinking Transnistria. Trends and Effects of Demographic Decline in a De Facto State. Comparative Southeast European Studies, 70(1), 47-79.
(Non) recognition of legal identity in aspirant states: evidence from Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria Ganohariti, R. (2023). (Non) recognition of legal identity in aspirant states: evidence from Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Citizenship Studies, 27(7), 817-834.
The National Identity, Security, Future Hope and Wellbeing of Young People Living in the Unrecognised State of Transnistria Humphrey, A., & Forbes-Mewett, H. (2024). The National Identity, Security, Future Hope and Wellbeing of Young People Living in the Unrecognised State of Transnistria. Ethnopolitics, 1-17.
Structural bias, polarized mediation and conflict resolution failure: a comparative examination of the disputes in Transnistria and Donbas Marandici, I. (2023). Structural bias, polarized mediation and conflict resolution failure: a comparative examination of the disputes in Transnistria and Donbas. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 23(1), 89-113.
Moldova-Transnistria Conflict Beacháin, D. Ó. (2022). Moldova-Transnistria Conflict. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies (pp. 830-837). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Impact of depopulation on political life and legitimacy of unrecognized states (a case study of Transnistria) Kolosov, V. A., & Crivenco, A. V. (2021). Impact of depopulation on political life and legitimacy of unrecognized states (a case study of Transnistria). Regional Research of Russia, 11(2), 263-272.
The Transnistria Problem and the Crisis in Ukraine: Analysis from the Perspective of the Security Dilemma Argument Yoko, H. (2024). The Transnistria Problem and the Crisis in Ukraine: Analysis from the Perspective of the Security Dilemma Argument. Asia-Pacific Review, 31(1), 64-101.
Status of Transnistria Under International Law Miklasová, J. (2022). Status of Transnistria Under International Law. In Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights (pp. 1-9). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Transnistria and the future security architecture in Europe Grund, M., Sieg, H. M., & Wesemann, K. (2022). Transnistria and the future security architecture in Europe. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS).
Russia's Patronage Over Post-Soviet De Facto States: Protecting Compatriots or Geopolitical Interest in Transnistria? Kosienkowski, M., & Dembińska, M. (2024). Russia’s Patronage Over Post-Soviet De Facto States: Protecting Compatriots or Geopolitical Interest in Transnistria?. Geopolitics, 1-22.

Articles from Newspapers

Historical Background and Historical Perspective

The history and current state of the relations between Moldova and Transnistria Biriukov, I. V. (2019). The history and current state of the relations between Moldova and Transnistria. Ogarev-online, 7(4).

Articles from Newspapers