Arab League
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/arableague
Latest Update: 07 May 2026
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Rozen-Bakher, Z, Arab League, Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/arableague
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Main Multilateral Trade/ Political/ Economic Alliances, as well as Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs), Bilateral Military Defence Treaties (BMDTs), and Foreign Military Presence
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
For Explanation about Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation, please see Section B2 in Section B. Introduction: Why do we need a Global Survival Rank?, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/introduction
Arab League and its Joint Defence Treaty
The Arab League is a Political-Military-Economic Alliance that has a hard definition of Military Defence Treaty with a commitment to defend in the case of an attack. The Joint Defence Treaty (Article 2) of the Arab League was signed in 1950 (see below). However, even before that, the Arab League mobilised the Arab Armies during the 1948 Palestine war amid the establishment of the State of Israel based on the Arab League Defence Pact (Article 6) that was signed earlier in 1945 (see below). Still, only in 1961, the Arab League established the Joint Arab Command (JAC) to coordinate the Joint Defence based on the principles of the Joint Defence Treaty of the Arab League, while in 2015, the Arab League agreed in principle to form a Joint Military Force to improve the response of Arab Countries in the case of Military Crises and Wars. However, in 2025, the Arab League rejected the proposal of Egypt to form an ‘Arab NATO Force’, which was mainly rejected by the GCC countries, likely because they already have their own Force, the Peninsula Shield Force. Hence, if we look at the Arab League from the current perspective of the Palestinian conflict, then the Arab League only used to condemn the Israeli Genocide in Gaza and the Israeli Ethnic Cleansing in the West Bank, yet without any trying to mobolize forces to liberate Gaza and the West Bank from the horrific Israeli war crimes and starvation, despite that Palestine is a member of the Arab League and should be covered by the Joint Defence Treaty (Article 2) of the Arab League. Hence, it can be argued that the Joint Defence Treaty (Article 2) of the Arab League is a meaningless defence treaty that de-facto does not activate in the case of an attack or, worse, in the case of occupation and invasion, such as in the case of the Israeli occupation of Palestine (Gaza and West Bank) or in the case of the recent Israeli invasion of South Lebanon.
Note, it is important to distinguish between ‘Arab Country’ and ‘Muslim Country’ because the Arab League includes only Arab-Muslim Countries (e.g., Egypt), while it excludes Non-Arab-Muslim Countries (e.g., Iran), yet there is a coordination between the Arab League and the OIC (Islamic Countries), including Joint Summits regarding critical issues, such as in the case of Palestine.
Official Website of Arab League http://www.leagueofarabstates.net
Facebook - Arab League https://www.facebook.com/arab.league
Hard Definition of Military Defence Treaty of Arab League
Joint Defence and Economic Co-Operation Treaty Between the States of the Arab League (Joint Defense Treaty -Article 2) https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/arabjoin.asp
Arab League Pact (Arab League Defence Pact - Article 6) https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/arableag.asp#art6
Map of Arab League by Membership Status
List of Arab League by Membership Status, sorted by Alphabetical Order
Arab League by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E12. Arab League - Multilateral Alliance: Arab League and its Joint Defence Treaty, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/arab-league
Section E12 - List of Contents
Section E12. Arab League - Multilateral Alliance: Arab League and its Joint Defence Treaty, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section E12.1 Arab League - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E12.2 Arab League - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Relevant Items From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher:
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2004). The Perception of the Israeli Jewish Feminism in relation to Palestinian Women in light of the Ongoing Conflict Between the Jewish and the Palestinian People. M.A. Working Paper in Hebrew, University of Haifa. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/The-Perception-of-the-Israeli-Jewish-Feminism-in-relation-to-Palestinian-Women.pdf
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2000). The Impact of the Gulf War on the Israeli Threat Perception: Implications for the Israeli Security Policy. M.A. Working Paper in Hebrew, University of Haifa. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/2-a9ge.pdf
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (1999). The Attack of Iraq on Kuwait: The Failure of USA Administration to Predict the Attack M.A. Working Paper in Hebrew, University of Haifa. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/2-a9ge.pdf ; Presentation in Hebrew: USA's Failure to Predict the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/Iraqi-Invasion-of-Kuwait.prn
Section E21. Multilateral Alliance: Arab League and its Arab Joint Security Pact, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/21
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Cluster Analysis for Prediction of Which Countries Joined or May Join the Gaz War (10/2023) against Israel With Various Types of Involvement, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/07/07/2024
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Double Standards by the EU and Germany – The Broken Promise for Never Again: Israeli Genocide in Gaza versus Iran’s ‘Violation of Human Rights’ to Defuse the Armed-Riots-backed by USA & Israel, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 January 2026, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/01/2026/1822
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Al-Qassam Brigades in Gaza: Freedom Fighters or Terrorists, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 January 2026, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/01/01/2026/1243
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Ending Gaza War via One-Point Plan: Establishing the State of Palestine by Ending the Israeli Occupation of Gaza and West Bank, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 September 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/09/2025/0732
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Trump’s Nobel Prize For Wars: The Case of Trying to Force the Disarmament of Hezbollah, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 August 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/07/08/2025/0748
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Is Needed a ‘Final Solution’ in Gaza for Release of the Israeli Hostages?: Exchange of Prisoners/Hostages versus Jewish Riviera in Gaza without Palestinians, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 July 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/28/07/2025/1103
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Was It Possible to Stop the Genocide of Hitler by Peaceful Means?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 July 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/22/07/2025/1518
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Saudi Arabia: Normalization with Israel or Sanctions against Israel?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/03/05/2024/2007
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Is Bahrain Joined the Hamas War against Israel?: The ‘Informal War’ against Israel, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/03/05/2024/1114
Rozen-Bakher, Z., King of Jordan: Not for Long?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 April 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/04/2024/1539
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Houthi’s Black List in the Red Sea: Vessels From Countries that Don’t Recognize the State of Palestine, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 March 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/24/03/2024/0701
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Do We Have an Islamic Resistance of Jordan?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 March 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/12/03/2024/0555
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty is Not For Long Under Rafah Bombarding by Israel, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 February 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/12/02/2024/0323
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Starvation as a War-Weapon: The Case of Palestine, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 February 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/06/02/2024/0751
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI): Iraq Formally Joined the Military Campaign against Israel and USA Bases in the Middle East, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 February 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/01/02/2024/1205
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Houthi Problem: Historical Perspective, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 January 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/28/01/2024/1044
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Israel-Hamas War, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/13/12/2023/1835
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Pogroms by Jewish Settlers against Palestinians, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/28/06/2023/1016
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Civil War between Israeli Settlers and Palestinians in the Occupied Territory of Palestine, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/21/06/2023/1115
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Netanyahu Illusion: Arab Coalition against Israel Instead of Arab Coalition against Iran, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 11 May 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/11/05/2023/0801
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Israeli Far-Right Government will Flam the Middle-East: AlAqsa ‘Takeover’ as a Symbol, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 January 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/01/2023/0838
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Power of the ‘Arab Street’ related to Israeli Occupation of Palestine: The Case of Jordan, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 December 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/28/12/2022/1703
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Will We Have Monarchies in the Middle of the 21st Century?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 September 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/18/09/2022/2304
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Surprise Wars – Failure in Collecting Intelligence vs. Failure in Intelligence Assessment vs. Failure in Leaders’ Decision-Making: The Case of the USA’s Failure to Predict the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 09 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks2/09/04/2022/2029
Rozen-Bakher, Z., 'Normal War' versus War Crimes or Genocide, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/07/04/2022/0551
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Middle East and North Africa List, Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher via the Twitter-X Account @ZivaRozenBakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/identify-risks/middle-east-and-north-africa-list
From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books
The Establishment of the Arab League Security Force, 1961-63 Mays, T. M. (2025). The Establishment of the Arab League Security Force, 1961-63. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
League of Arab States, Secret Resolutions, Summit Conference, Algiers, 4 December 1973 Mahler, G. S., & Hadi, M. F. A. (2025). League of Arab States, Secret Resolutions, Summit Conference, Algiers, 4 December 1973. In Palestinian History and Politics (pp. 165-167). Routledge.
Examining the dynamics of Muslim solidarity: a comparison of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League Abbas, K., & Ahmed, Z. S. (2024). Examining the dynamics of Muslim solidarity: a comparison of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League. In Research Handbook on International Solidarity and the Law (pp. 297-311). Edward Elgar Publishing.
League of Arab States Citaristi, I. (2022). League of Arab States. In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022 (pp. 670-679). Routledge.
Solidarity in the League of Arab States Del Chicca, M. (2022). Solidarity in the League of Arab States. In Solidarity in International Law (pp. 303-320). Routledge.
Legitimation, regime survival, and shifting alliances in the Arab League: Explaining sanction politics during the Arab Spring Debre, M. J. (2021). Legitimation, regime survival, and shifting alliances in the Arab League: Explaining sanction politics during the Arab Spring. International Political Science Review, 42(4), 516-530.
Security conceptions and practices in the Middle East: the case of the Arab League Hinnebusch, R. (2013). Security conceptions and practices in the Middle East: the case of the Arab League. In Regional Organisations and Security (pp. 121-138). Routledge.
