Akrotiri and Dhekelia, UK
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/03032025/akrotiri-and-dhekelia
Published Date: 03 March 2025
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This blog focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade in a certain country or territory in terms of how the Location Factors (Political, Economic, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Cultural) and Entry Modes (e.g. M&As, Export and Greenfield) impact the attractiveness - or vice versa - the risks of FDI and International Trade in the certain country or territory, still, keep in mind that each risk may lead to an opportunity for resolving problems via suitable FDI and International Trade, while each opportunity for FDI and International Trade may involve risks.
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
A Researcher in International Relations with a Focus on Security, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
Akrotiri and Dhekelia, UK
Distance from Akrotiri and Dhekelia to UK: 3,236 Km (Straight line distance Capital-to-Capital in Km, Map Developers)
Akrotiri and Dhekelia located on Cyprus Island. Akrotiri and Dhekelia were part of Cyprus when it was a UK Colony, but when Cyprus got its independence in 1960, then Akrotiri and Dhekelia remain for military bases and signals intelligence stations under the sovereignty of UK under the “1960 Treaty of Independence” (see Annex C of the Treaty). Nowadays, Akrotiri and Dhekelia have also villages (see Historic' bases deal to boost development) , still, under the restrictions of the treaty namely, avoiding permanent settlement, as well as avoiding establishment of any commercial and industry activity. Furthermore, Akrotiri and Dhekelia have no customs posts or passport check at the border with Cyprus, so Akrotiri and Dhekelia have no regular trade activity in terms of exports and imports. Besides, Akrotiri and Dhekelia is the only British Overseas Territory that used the Euro unliterally since it introduced by Cyprus. Hence, currently, Akrotiri and Dhekelia have the status of a British Overseas Territory, still, because Akrotiri and Dhekelia are mainly military bases, then it does not run as a regular British Overseas Territory, so Akrotiri and Dhekelia have no Governor nor Chief Minister, instead, Akrotiri and Dhekelia are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Defence of UK. Importantly, in spite of the “1960 Treaty of Independence”, there is a dispute between Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus) and UK over the sovereignty of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, because Cyprus claims for sovereignty over Akrotiri and Dhekelia based on territorial integrity and the right to abolish the remaining colonialism. Moreover, recently, spy planes over Gaza have operated from Akrotiri, which has escalated the dispute over the presence of UK military bases in Cyprus island.
Sovereign Base Areas (SBA) - Administration website http://www.sbaadministration.org/
British forces overseas posting: Dhekelia, Cyprus - UK Government
British Forces overseas posting: Akrotiri, Cyprus - UK Government
RAF Akrotiri | Royal Air Force https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/stations/raf-akrotiri/
PM's address to British troops in RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus: 10 December 2024. GOV.UK.
Starmer tells troops at base deploying Gaza spy planes 'the whole world is relying on you'. Middle East Eye.
UK's alleged use of Cyprus bases to arm Israel and hit Yemen draw protests. Al Jazeera.
Campaign opposing British military bases in Cyprus using spy planes in Gaza launches. Yahoo News UK
The official flag of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is the UK Flag, but Akrotiri and Dhekelia has also an unofficial flag.
Population
One of the Prominent Religious Sites
Akrotiri
Key Figures of the Territory, Global Position, Alliances, and 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Yearly Rank to Compare the Global Political Power among Countries to Survive Long Conflicts and Wars at the Military Level and Economic Level Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-survival-rank-zrb
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Military, Political, Economic and Trade Alliances that Have an Impact on Global Order and Geopolitics Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Key Figures of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
Major Exports: N/A
Major Imports: : There is a restriction to carry out any regular economic activity in Akrotiri and Dhekelia excluded providing food and services to the military personal and their families, so all food and goods must be imported from UK and Cyprus or from other countries.
Profile
Akrotiri - Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Akrotiri-British-military-enclave-Cyprus
Dhekelia - Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia - CIA-The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/akrotiri-and-dhekelia/
PM of UK, Keir Starmer addresses British troops in Cyprus
Research Papers and Research Books
The Constitutional Status of the Overseas Territories of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland (on the Example of Sovereign Zones of Akrotiri and Dhekelia) Irkhin, I. V. (2017). The Constitutional Status of the Overseas Territories of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland (on the Example of Sovereign Zones of Akrotiri and Dhekelia). Lex Russica, (6), 179-188.
The exceptional case of the British military bases on Cyprus Stergiou, A. (2015). The exceptional case of the British military bases on Cyprus. Middle Eastern Studies, 51(2), 285-300.
The Sovereign Base Areas: colonialism redivivus? Clogg, R. (2015). The Sovereign Base Areas: colonialism redivivus? 1. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 39(1), 138-150.
The Legal Status of the Sovereign Base Areas (British Bases) in Cyprus Mitsis, Petros. "The Legal Status of the Sovereign Base Areas (British Bases) in Cyprus." ENTHA 17 (2022): 34.
Border conflicts and territorial differentiation after Brexit: The cases of Northern Ireland, Gibraltar and the UK Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus Skoutaris, N. (2022). Border conflicts and territorial differentiation after Brexit: The cases of Northern Ireland, Gibraltar and the UK Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus. In The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union (pp. 680-695). Routledge.
The Status of the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus Following Brexit Skoutaris, N., & Hadjigeorgiou, N. (2019). The Status of the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus Following Brexit. PRIO Occasional Paper Series, 3.
Sovereign British Bases on Cyprus and Their Impacts on the Maritime Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Ak, G. (2014). Sovereign British Bases on Cyprus and Their Impacts on the Maritime Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean. Alternatives: Turkish Journal Of International Relations, 13(4), 59-69.
Historical Background and Historical Perspective
Cyprus-United Kingdom (Akrotiri, Dhekelia) Charney, J. I., & Alexander, L. M. (1993). Cyprus-United Kingdom (Akrotiri, Dhekelia). In International Maritime Boundaries (pp. 1559-1569). Brill Nijhoff.
The Excavations at Akrotiri-Katalymata ton Plakoton 2007–2014 Procopiou, E., Rogge, S., & Grünbart, M. (2015). The Excavations at Akrotiri-Katalymata ton Plakoton 2007–2014. Medieval Cyprus. A Place of Cultural Encounter, 185-218.
Official Seal of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
