https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/09042025/south-yemen-aden

Published Date: 09 April 2025

Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher to Identify Risks versus Opportunities at the Country Level

Blog on FDI and International Trade by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1

This blog focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade in a certain country or territory in terms of how the Location Factors (Political, Economic, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Cultural) and Entry Modes (e.g. M&As, Export and Greenfield) impact the attractiveness - or vice versa - the risks of FDI and International Trade in the certain country or territory, still, keep in mind that each risk may lead to an opportunity for resolving problems via suitable FDI and International Trade, while each opportunity for FDI and International Trade may involve risks.

**Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher**

**A Researcher in International Relations with a Focus on Security, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade**

CV

South Yemen (Aden)

Disputed Country due to the Failure of the Unification of Yemen between North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden) that has led to the Reverse Status of Yemen before the Unification due to the Yemeni civil war namely, from 1994 until today, Yemen has de-facto two countries: South Yemen (Aden) and North Yemen (Sanaa) as it was before the Unification, still, South Yemen (Aden) represents the Republic of Yemen in the UN but only the political interests of South Yemen (Aden), while North Yemen (Sanaa) has No Representation in the UN as it had before the unification of Yemen. Hence, from 1994 until today, South Yemen (Aden) acts under the entity of Republic of Yemen that de-facto does not exist due to the failure unification between South Yemen (Aden) and North Yemen (Sanaa). Alternatively, it can be argued that from 1994 until today, the Republic of Yemen includes de-facto only the former country of South Yemen (Aden).

North Yemen (Sanaa) - UN Member 1947-1990; After the Failure of the Unification (1994-present) - No Representation in the UN as it had before the unification of Yemen.

South Yemen (Aden) - UN Member 1967-1990; After the Failure of the Unification (1994-present) - South Yemen (Aden) represents the Republic of Yemen in the UN but only the political interests of South Yemen (Aden)

Republic of Yemen - From 1994 until Today, Republic of Yemen De-Facto does not exist due to the Failure of the Unification of Yemen between North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden).

Timeline of North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden) - before the Unification and after the Failure of the Unification

1918-1990, North Yemen (Sanaa): Kingdom of Northern Yemen-1918-1962 (Independent Country, UN member 1947-1962 ), Yemen Arab Republic-1962-1990 (Independent Country and UN member)
1838-1990, South Yemen (Aden): British Colony-1838-1967, People's Republic of Southern Yemen (PRSY)-1967-1970 (Independent Country and UN member), People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)-1970-1990 (Independent Country and UN member)
1990, Unification of North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden) that established the Republic of Yemen (Independent Country and UN member): The Unification lasts from 1990 until 1994 when the Yemeni civil war was erupted, which has led to failure of the unification of Yemen.
1994-present, Failure of the Unification of Yemen that has led to the reverse status of Yemen before 1990 in a way that in 1994, only four years after the unification, when the Yemeni civil war was erupted, Yemen has de-facto two countries: South Yemen (Aden) and North Yemen (Sanaa). The disunification of Yemen has started in 1994, only four years after the unification, when the Yemeni civil war was erupted, which has led to the reverse status of Yemen before 1990 in a way that Yemen has de-facto two different countries: South Yemen (Aden) and North Yemen (Sanaa), still, South Yemen (Aden) represents Yemen in the UN but only the political interests of South Yemen (Aden), while North Yemen (Sanaa) that controlled by the Houthis has no representation in the UN as it had before the unification of Yemen. Hence, following the failure of the unification of Yemen, Houthis has a formal government and a formal army that control the territory of North Yemen (Sanaa), while South Yemen has also a formal government and a formal army, so the current situation in Yemen reflects de-facto the dissolution of Unified Yemen. Therefore, from 1994 when the Yemen civil war erupted until today, Yemen has two capitals, two parliaments, two governments, and two formal armies that de-facto reflect two independent countries: North Yemen with its capital Sanaa and South Yemen with its capital Aden as it was before the unification of Yemen in 1990.

Estimation of the Current Population and Area Size of North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden) based the data before the Unification of Yemen

North Yemen and South Yemen Before the Unification of Yemen in 1990 The Current Division between North Yemen and South Yemen

South Yemen (Aden)

Population

Source below: https://www.citypopulation.de/en/yemen/

One of the Prominent Religious Sites

**Aden, South Yemen**

Key Figures of the Country, Global Position, Alliances, and 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Yearly Rank to Compare the Global Political Power among Countries to Survive Long Conflicts and Wars at the Military Level and Economic Level Global Survival Rank by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-survival-rank-zrb

Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Military, Political, Economic and Trade Alliances that Have an Impact on Global Order and Geopolitics Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances

South Yemen (Aden) does not include in 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR), but it is going to be included in 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)

Key Figures of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade

Note, the data that published on Yemen by various sources in relation to FDI and International Trade do not distinguish between North Yemen (Sanaa) and South Yemen (Aden). Importantly, South Yemen (Aden) is responsible to transfer the data on Yemen to the international institutional (e.g. World Bank), so unlikely, that this data included all the FDI and International Trade that conducted by the Houthis that inhabited the North Yemen (Sanaa) because of the lack of transparency between North Yemen and South Yemen because of the ongoing war between them.

Country Profile

South Yemen (Aden) before the Unification of Yemen

British Colony of Aden https://thedigitalphilatelist.com/colony-of-aden/

People's Republic of Southern Yemen (PRSY)-1967-1970 https://thedigitalphilatelist.com/peoples-democratic-republic-of-yemen/

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)-1970-1990 https://americancentersy.org/2022/05/political-history-of-south-yemen-crisis-conflict-and-challenges-preventing-lasting-peace.html

Interview with PM of South Yemen (Aden) - Republic of Yemen

Note, South Yemen (Aden) acts under the entity of Republic of Yemen that de-facto does not exist due to the failure unification between South Yemen (Aden) and North Yemen (Sanaa). Alternatively, it can be argued that from 1994 until today, the Republic of Yemen includes de-facto only the former country of South Yemen (Aden).

Research Papers and Research Books

A study of hospital disaster preparedness in South Yemen Naser, W. N., Ingrassia, P. L., Aladhrae, S., & Abdulraheem, W. A. (2018). A study of hospital disaster preparedness in South Yemen. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 33(2), 133-138.
From chaos to chaos: South Yemen 50 years after the British departure Brehony, N. (2017). From chaos to chaos: South Yemen 50 years after the British departure. Asian Affairs, 48(3), 428-444.
Analysis of political divisions in the South of Yemen Al-Arosi, Z. М. М., & Aldaheri, A. A. A. (2023). Analysis of political divisions in the South of Yemen. Sociopolitical Sciences, 13(2), 162-167.
Contesting realities: the public sphere and morality in southern Yemen Dahlgren, S. (2010). Contesting realities: the public sphere and morality in southern Yemen. Syracuse University Press.
Rumours, fears and solidarity in fieldwork in times of political turmoil on the verge of war in Southern Yemen Augustin, A. L. A. (2020). Rumours, fears and solidarity in fieldwork in times of political turmoil on the verge of war in Southern Yemen. In Identity, Agency and Fieldwork Methodologies in Risky Environments (pp. 140-152). Routledge.
Wild edible plants traditionally collected and used in southern Yemen Al-Fatimi, M. (2021). Wild edible plants traditionally collected and used in southern Yemen. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 17, 1-21.
Generational and Political Change in Southern Yemen: “The Generation of Unity” Envisions its Southern State Augustin, A. (2018). Generational and Political Change in Southern Yemen:“The Generation of Unity” Envisions its Southern State. Yemen and the Search for Stability: Power, Politics and Society after the Arab Spring, London: IB Tauris, 93-114.
Making intimate “civilpolitics” in southern Yemen Dahlgren, S. (2016). Making intimate “civilpolitics” in southern Yemen. Freedom without permission: Bodies and space in the Arab revolutions, 80-104.
Traditional knowledge of wild plants on traditional tools, materials, products and economic practices in southern Yemen Al-Fatimi, M. (2024). Traditional knowledge of wild plants on traditional tools, materials, products and economic practices in southern Yemen. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 20(1), 62.
Reconstructing 1200 years of hydroclimate variability in the southern margins of the Arabian Desert: insights from a paleo-Lake in southern Yemen Parth, S., Russell, J., & Waldmann, N. (2021). Reconstructing 1200 years of hydroclimate variability in the southern margins of the Arabian Desert: insights from a paleo-Lake in southern Yemen. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 712443.
War and pieces: Political divides in Southern Yemen Al-Hamdani, R., & Lackner, H. (2022). War and pieces: Political divides in Southern Yemen. European Council on Foreign Relations.
Revisiting Regionalist Mobilization in Southern Yemen: The Hidden Legacies of the PDRY Lawson, F. H. (2024). Revisiting Regionalist Mobilization in Southern Yemen: The Hidden Legacies of the PDRY. The Maghreb Review, 49(4), 307-320.
Between hegemonic aspirations and the need for peace and stability: Saudi Arabia's role in Southern Yemen Radman, H. (2022). Between hegemonic aspirations and the need for peace and stability: Saudi Arabia’s role in Southern Yemen. Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies.
The red sea and gulf of aden basins Bosworth, W., Huchon, P., & McClay, K. (2005). The red sea and gulf of aden basins. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 43(1-3), 334-378.
Biomonitoring coastal pollution on the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Aden using macroalgae: A review Ameen, F., Al-Homaidan, A. A., Almahasheer, H., Dawoud, T., Alwakeel, S., & AlMaarofi, S. (2022). Biomonitoring coastal pollution on the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Aden using macroalgae: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 175, 113156.

Historical Background and Historical Perspective

Revolution and foreign policy: the case of South Yemen, 1967-1987 Halliday, F. (2002). Revolution and foreign policy: the case of South Yemen, 1967-1987 (No. 21). Cambridge University Press.
The Struggle for South Yemen Kostiner, J. (1984). The Struggle for South Yemen. Routledge.
South Yemen and the USSR: Prospects for the Relationship Cigar, N. (1985). South Yemen and the USSR: Prospects for the Relationship. Middle East Journal, 39(4), 775-795.
State and society in South Yemen Cigar, N. (1985). State and society in South Yemen. Probs. Communism, 34, 41.
Islam and the state in South Yemen: the uneasy coexistence Cigar, N. (1990). Islam and the state in South Yemen: the uneasy coexistence. Middle Eastern Studies, 26(2), 185-203.
South Yemen: A Marxist Republic in Arabia Stookey, R. W. (1983). South Yemen: A Marxist Republic in Arabia. Routledge.
Oil Strike and Leadership Struggle in South Yemen: 1986 and Beyond Burrowes, R. D. (1989). Oil Strike and Leadership Struggle in South Yemen: 1986 and Beyond. Middle East Journal, 43(3), 437-454.
Growth of British Influence in South Yemen, 1839-1959 Sheth, V. S. (1980). Growth of British Influence in South Yemen, 1839-1959. International Studies, 19(3), 439-474.
Soviet Relations with South Yemen Halliday, F. (1984). Soviet Relations with South Yemen. In Contemporary Yemen (pp. 208-231). Routledge.
Arab radical politics: Al‐Qawmiyyun al‐Arab and the marxists in the turmoil of South Yemen, 1963–1967 Kostiner, J. (1981). Arab radical politics: Al‐Qawmiyyun al‐Arab and the marxists in the turmoil of South Yemen, 1963–1967. Middle Eastern Studies, 17(4), 454-476.
Finding the ancient sites in southern Yemen Orchard, J. (1982). Finding the ancient sites in southern Yemen. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 41(1), 1-21.
The United Nations and Decolonization: The Case of Southern Yemen Chang, K. Y. (1972). The United Nations and Decolonization: The Case of Southern Yemen. International Organization, 26(1), 37-61.
The History of Aden Kour, Z. H. (1981). The History of Aden. Routledge.
The legal status of Aden Colony and the Aden protectorate Robbins, R. R. (1939). The legal status of Aden Colony and the Aden protectorate. American Journal of International Law, 33(4), 700-715.
The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Jumhuriyah al-Yemen al Dimuqratiyah al Sha'abiyah—Southern Yemen Paxton, J. (1988). The People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen: Jumhuriyah al-Yemen al Dimuqratiyah al Sha’abiyah—Southern Yemen. The Statesman’s Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1988–1989, 1601-1604.
Women and Revolution in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Molyneux, M. (1979). Women and Revolution in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Feminist Review, 1(1), 5-20.
China and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: a report Behbehani, H. S. (1985). China and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: a report. Routledge.
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Ismael, T. Y. (1986). People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. In Marxist Governments: Volume 3: A World Survey (pp. 755-783). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
The Yemen Arab republic and the people's democratic republic of Yemen Koszinowski, T. (1980). The Yemen Arab republic and the people's democratic republic of Yemen. International Spectator, 15(4), 285-302.
The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Scientific Socialism on Trial in an ARAB Country Efrat, M. (2022). The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Scientific Socialism on Trial in an ARAB Country. In The New Communist Third World (pp. 165-202). Routledge.
Evaluation of socio-economic development in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Naumkin, V. V. (1985). Evaluation of socio-economic development in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. In Economy, Society & Culture in Contemporary Yemen (pp. 1-11). Routledge.